Outlook is not always needed for extracting attachments from MSG files. It mainly depends on how many MSG emails you want to handle.
If there are only a few files, the manual way is simple. Open the MSG file on a computer where Outlook is already available, then save the attachment from each email. This works for small work, but it becomes tiring when the folder has hundreds of MSG files. In that case, saving attachments one by one can waste a lot of time and may also lead to missed files.
For a Windows system without Outlook,
Mailvare Free MSG Attachment Extractor is a practical option. It is made to extract attachments from MSG files as a standalone tool, so Outlook configuration is not needed. It offers File Mode for single MSG files and Folder Mode for bulk extraction. You can also preview loaded MSG files before saving attachments.
It is better to keep the original MSG backup unchanged and choose a separate destination folder for extracted files. The free demo is a good first step to check the result before using it on the full MSG folder.